Establishing shot -  in many tv shows or films an establishing shot is used to set the scene, so that the audience can understand where the situation is going to occur. An establishing shot is usually used to shot landmarks or grand cites e.g. new york / big ben. In the programme 'Panorama' a establishing shot is used to show the run down city of Aleppo. This shows to the audience the types of places these people are living, they see that even though its one of the biggest cities it is a poor place to live it is rundown.

long shot -  a long shot is used to show a full person/people, it shows where they are and even shows the mies-en-scene (props, costume etc). Long shots also place some relations to the surroundings and the environment. In this case a long shot is used at the very start of the first episode of 'Cleverman', this is because it instantly tells the audience where the action is to take place, we see a city background therefore the audience knows the action  is taking place in a city like London. We also get some indication to the characters. The audience see their clothing therefore the long shot used at the beginning tells the audience that the situation is going to take place in the modern day not in the past.

mid shot-   a mid shot is a shot which usually shows a person from the waist upwards this is because it helps set the scene by showing props in the background or clothing, however mid shots can be seen from the waist downwards but can still give the same effect. In the programme 'EastEnders' we see a mid shot is used to introduce the character. Here we see a character walking in holding the mail used as a prop, this indicates to the audience that there is going to be some talk about what came in the mail.




close up -  close ups show a characters head and shoulders. A close up is usually used to give information to the audience about the character, we start to understand the characters feelings therefore we begin to empathise with them. In the show 'Thirteen' we see a close up of the character Ivy, this helps indicate to the audience of how she is feeling. we begin to understand that see feels sad due to he facial expression on her face. She looks sad therefore the audience begins to feel sorry for them. We also see that she must not have been treated very well, this is due to her messy hair and her very pale face. We gain feelings towards her, we empathise with her.

extreme close up - most extreme close ups look at a particular part of the body, majority of the time we see eyes in an extreme close up as it helps gain feeling but sometimes an extreme close up is used to make the audience feel uncomfortable. In this case an extreme close up is used on a mans chest to show bloody bite marks, something gory, this makes the audience watching feel uncomfortable as we never usually see things like this up close. This also sets the mood as it is seen as a tragedy. The extreme close up shows something to make the audience uncomfortable and set the mood.

point of view shot 
reaction shot

Shot reverse shot- most short reverse shots shown conversation or dialogue between two characters, but they can also show how different characters interact with each other. In this scene the audience get to see how these two characters interact with each other.

High angle shot - normal a hight angle shot is used to show a character as weak, maybe even a villain as we look down on them. In this shot from the programme 'Ripper Street' we see a high angle shot, looking down on this character. This give the impression to the audience that this character is weak or cannot defend themselves. They have been knocked down, both the position of the angle and the characters body language shows to the audience that this character have little to no power.





low angle shot 
eye level 

high key lighting 
low key lighting

pan 
tilt 
tracking 
zoom